Dentoalveolar trauma injuries are caused by an external impact on the teeth, palate, mandible, maxilla, and gingiva. These injuries can result in anything from a tooth contusion to a total dislocation of the tooth from its socket, known as tooth avulsion.
A traumatic displacement of a tooth in any direction other than axially. A laterally luxated tooth is often immobile because of its bony lock. It produces a high metallic sound during percussion. Pulp sensibility testing is likely to be negative during the initial follow‐up
an apical displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone. This injury is accompanied by extensive damage to periodontal ligament, cementum, disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket.
One of the more uncommon types of dental emergency/injury, however, is called a tooth extrusion, where a permanent tooth becomes dislodged from the structures holding it in place but does not fully vacate the socket. When a tooth extrusion happens, it's vital to find care quickly for the long-term health of the tooth.